Europeans and Africans Essay

The two stages of contact between Europeans and Africans in the modern era, according to Morel, were the slave trade and the â€Å"power of modern capitalistic exploitation†. In the first he describes the horrors of the African slave trade that had occurred in the 1700-1800’s, the way the slaves were captured from their homes and transported in terrible, torturous conditions to their destinations. Morel sees this as horrific, but also acknowledges that despite the fact they were put through so much they were able to continue to multiply and have more children, even in slavery. Morel felt that the exploitation of the African nations will be even more devastating because it will bring European work ethics and culture to the Africans, thus changing their entire way of life and taking away the vitality of their culture. In general, the history of European domination over Africans was extreme. They would dominate them, either by making them slaves or taking away their land and using the natural resources of their homelands for their own benefits. 2. How did Europeans abuse and exploit Africans? What benefits did they bring to Africans, if any? The Europeans abused and exploited the Africans because they had weapons that the Africans did not. They had guns and other forms of technology and weaponry that could dominate the Africans and keep them under their control, taking away their way of life and leaving them to die. The Europeans did not bring any benefits to the Africans except that the slave trade was ceased when the Europeans realized that they could overcome the Africans and were better off exploiting the natural resources of their countries. In a way, this was perhaps a benefit in one respect but a curse in another. 3. This book was written in 1920. How did Morel see the future of European domination in Africa playing out over the course of the twentieth century? Morel sees the future of European domination in Africa playing out over the course of the twentieth century in such a way that he Africans are overtaken by weapons and the technology of the Europeans. He sees the Europeans as using all of the terrible weapons they have to win control of the continent, not only man made weapons but because they will bring disease to the African people. He also feels that when the European system of work and exploiting the environment will eventually kill the Africans from their soul outward to their body because it is so different from their own way of living and what is important to them, like the environment and having a relaxed way of life.

Postmodernism Essay

Different material, methods and media’s have been used in postmodern art, such as painting fine art, technology, architecture and fashion. A study of various types of powerful societal changes through time is tackled through art. These changes comprise of gender identity, globalisation growth, political power etc. Introduction The expression of Art has always been influential; many artists use it as a tactic to exploit political truths and ideas. Postmodernism is a â€Å"movement reacting against modernism, especially by drawing attention to former conventions† (pg821). This form of art allowed a new way of looking at reality in a society that is constantly reassessing its culture and values. Postmodern art focuses on a mixture of high and low cultures and dominant ideas; it went against repression, sexism, racism, political power, and violence. Deconstructing truths criticises and analyses contemporary issues. These deconstructionist feed on controversy, artists such as Alessandro Mendini, Andy Warhol, Jenny Holzer create colourful and ruinous, luxurious and outrageous artwork. The art allowed radical freedom to design, funny gestures confrontation and occasionally absurd. It was a style that has new self-awareness. Postmodernism rebelled against modernism; it was an attack on what had come before as it explored and disparaged any unspoken leading concepts and social customs. The disillusionment from World War II heavily influenced postmodern art. The style doesn’t have a clear central hierarchy or organising principle; it uses melancholy, extreme complexity, contradiction, ambiguity, diversity and interconnectedness. Loud colours, bold patterns, historical quotation and whit are used. During the 60s, critical practices of postmodernism were applied mainly in Italy. The idea of ‘Function follows form’ is abandoned. Exaggerated proportion and outrageous texture for the sake of decoration. Designers such as Ettore Sottsass and Alessandro Mendini who challenged social norms and the traditional taste of design. Italian born designer and architect, Alessandro Mendini played a part in postmodern design. He creates graphics, furniture, interiors, paintings and architectures. His work of ‘Destruction of the Monumento da Casa (Household Monument) is an enlarged photograph of a modernist chair. This literally displays the destroying of the past, the end of modernism and the beginning of postmodernism. It was an attack on what had come before, Mendini brought the chair to a stone quarry and set the chair on fire, photos were captured during the process in 1974. Popular culture, irony, historicism, eclecticism and pluralism are embraced by postmodernism. The artist believed that something new design would grow from the burning remains. One of the most iconic post-modern designs is the Proust armchair by Alessandro Mendini. He chose to add Signac painting as the pattern on a ready-made replica of an 18th century armchair. American language conceptual artist, Jenny Holzer is famous for her short statements. The postmodern fashion in the 80’s was a time when women were in power and this was mirrored in physicality and clothes. The artist uses modern information to expose and address the politics of discourse. The ‘Abuse of Power Comes as No Surprise’ by Hozler is one of her many controversial artworks. Jenny Hozler worked outside the regular conventions, as she believed that simplified phrases are the quickest way for everyone to comprehend. A lot of Jenny Hozler’s work victimises the woman, this method allows the audience to basically read the violence male dominance against women. Words such as ‘Crack the Pelvis so she lies right, this a mistake. When she dies you cannot repeat the act†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ the brutal yet vivid words suggest male power over women. In order to communicate to foreign countries, her work was translated multiple times. Hozler’s techniques include a range of multimedia, posters, hats, T-shirts and L. E. D signs on large architecture. She received many negative feedbacks by the public, therefore, withdrew from her career until 1993. The postmodern artist came back with a new approach to immaterial; she is still driven against murder plus sexual pleasure, hence initiated a new series named ‘Lustmord’. Fine Art is also found in post modernism. Techniques found in painting were super-realism, mannered, academic, neoclassical, decorative, and self-conscious stylization. Originality had ended and there is a lot past styles referencing. Postmodern artist, David Ligare paintings looked extremely realistic. He focused on still life painting, Ligare believes that there is no limit and virtually anything now could be considered art, hence makes him a postmodern artist. David Ligare does narrative paintings based on Greco/Toman culture. Marcel Duchamp’s artwork incorporated jokes to add humour to his visual. Duchamp has made numerous pastiche works; his most famous is the ‘L. H. O. O. Q’, which stands for ‘Elle a chaud au cul’. It was a rebel against traditional art was the dominant idea of the time. Duchamp’s added moustache and beard to the postcard with the Mona Lisa, which contradicts regular conventions of the time. He wanted to take artistry lightly; it was an act of rebel against convention. This technique became known as ‘appropriation’, it is the idea of manipulating famous historical art pieces. This practice has become common in today’s art. Andy Warhol works exemplifies the final stage of postmodernism. Warhol’s paintings had always had something controversial, as theorist Fredric Jameson states, ‘they ought to be powerful and critical political statements’ Andy Warhol is a contemporary artist, which expresses the postmodernism of society though his artistry. Through his artwork, his expression seems to be very anarchy and chaotic, especially the major use of the primary and bold colours whereas in the mainstream artistry it is very subtle due to the dark or complimentary colours which can often be seen as conservative. Warhol’s ‘Dollar Sign’ from 1981 deconstructs the truth about money. The painting suggest money’s strength, its addiction and tactic for conspiracy, His artwork were powerful and held critical political statements because they were billboard-like images. One of his pieces was of the North Korean leader, Kim John IL. Normally in society Kim John IL would not be even spoken of due to the high political power he has over North Korea. And the fragility between other nations that Kim John IL has. Andy Warhol has done a piece of this leader using contrasting and chaotic colours that seemed random and unusual. Warhol used appropriation, taking and creating pastiche references. As Andy Warhol states, â€Å"Art is what you can get away with†. Yasumasa Morimura uses humour with referencing to historical art. His postmodernist artworks have the idea of rejecting a single fixed meaning in an image or artwork. He is a controversial Japanese artist who displaces societal currents in Japanese culture. Western assimilation, capitalism and gender values are shown in his designs. Yasumasa is an illusive creator with no boundaries; this sets his work off to a guttural response. He is best known for mimicking great subjects, in particular western art. One of his works uses historical art as reference is the ‘Blinded by the Light’ 1991, which was inspired by the ‘ Parable for the Blind’ by Pieter Brueghel in 1568. Morimura symbolises a satirical message on Western invasion. Yasumasa Morimura caused controversy by highlighting historical influences and transforming into the postmodern art world with eastern and western culture, sexuality and gender identity. His background influenced Morimura’s, he was an outsider dominated by western culture and art. Technology advancement such as digital editing allowed his work to become flawless. In the racist imagination of western culture, they perceive Asian men with weak physically, equivalent to a little white girl. Morimura embraces his influences and mixes his sexual influence with modern culture. This is reflected in his series of self-portraits, e. g. Morimura as Monroe. Throughout the postmodern period, globalisation had become widespread, the artist felt as if he was invaded by foreign ideas and culture. In response, he invaded western culture through their art, by slapping his face on the Mona Lisa or the Infanta Margarita. Famous artist, Barbara Kruger exploited truths through her works of being a graphic designer, art director, and picture editor. Rather than creating her own images, she uses images and juxtaposes them. She used her techniques and skills of being a graphic designer and worked on political, social feminist provocations, religion, sex, racial and gender stereotypes, consumerism, corporate greed, and power. Her techniques consist of using media sources and words and directly collaging them over each other. Her signature look comprises of cropped, large-scale, black and white photographic pictures against black, white and red sans serif letterform. They hold raucous, pithy, ironic sayings. The poster, ‘Your Body is a battleground’ proposes the idea of re-conditioning gender stereotypes. Originally, the image was used in Washington DC to advocate a pro-choice position and reproductive rights for women. This raises the issue of power, patriarchy, stereotyping and consumption. The poster has a black and white image of a woman’s face that is split symmetrically with direct eye contact. The positive and negative space could highlight ‘good vs. bad’. Judging from the woman’s hair and makeup, she appears to be a housewife. The image represents that women cannot be sold, it illustrated a political setting and subsequently their identities are favourably polished.

An Analysis of H.G. Wells The Invisible Man Invisible Man Essays

"The stranger came early in February, one wintry day, through a biting wind and a driving snow. He was wrapped from head to foot, and the brim of his soft felt hat hid every inch of his face but the shiny tip of his nose. He staggered into the Coach and Horses (an Inn in Ipling), more dead than alive"(p.11) The stranger was the invisible man. The Invisible Man was written by H.G. Wells, and published in 1964. The invisible man is a dynamic character who was changed by society. He seemed to start out as a quiet man who didn't like to be disturbed. Things that some of the people did made him angry to the point that at the end he was killing people for no apparent reason. In the beginning I wanted the people to leave the Invisible Man alone, but by the end he needed to be killed. Before he made himself invisible, he was an albino. His name was Griffen, and he was living in a rented place, where he would conduct his experiments. He kept getting pissed off at his landlord, who was constantly bothering Griffen. With the landlord always around, Griffen was always afraid that someone would figure out how he was making things transparent. He thought that becoming invisible was a utopian idea, and he didn't want someone stealing his idea. Griffen was so stuck on his invention that he didn't take the time to think the whole thing out. He comes across as a nervous character at this point in the story. The landlord made him very angry and he decided to run the experiment on himself. Once he was invisible, he destroyed his machine, and because he was so angry he burned the house down. As he walked the streets he was leaving muddy footprints. Some boys saw the footprints and the ghostly feet that made them. Immediately, the boys drew a crowd and started chasing the feet. This made him cautious, and he realized that it wasn't going to be easy to stay invisible. He needed clothes and shelter, so he went to a department store where he thought he could steal clothes after they closed. He needed to be visible to get his money and his books. His plan didn't work so well and he had to leave with nothing. He finally got some clothes by knocking out the owner of a costume shop and stealing what he needed.

Health Care analysis on policy number SB 1352 Essay

Health Care analysis on policy number SB 1352 - Essay Example escription program that influences how health practitioners administer drugs to their patients and excludes prescription of substances recommended by advanced registered nurses. Thus, the paper analyses the policy by looking at the legislative findings and declarations as well as those regulations that may affect the implementation of the bill. Finally, the analysis makes a detailed recommendation on how effective the policy should be implemented so as to improve the nursing profession. The bill first makes changes to some terminologies in the nursing profession, for example, changing the name from simply psychiatric nurse to psychiatric-mental health advanced practice registered nurse and such nurses must hold specified national certification (Grimsley, 2014). This gives the nurses power to authorise the release or examination of an individual patient. Besides, the amendment also prohibits nurses from denying the patients access to the substances they were abusing before especially if their medications have been prescribed by advanced and registered nurses. Therefore, the bill allows patients to continue receiving their portions of substance abuse materials if advanced nurses have approved them to do so. Under such circumstances, normal hospital nurses cannot deny patients access to the substances they were abusing though the provision of such substances must be according to the instructions of the advanced nurses. Amendments in section 456.013 and 456.031 make a change in nursing training and education by stipulating the timeframe for completing such training (Grimsley, 2014). Other amendments concerns relate to continuous HIV and AIDS education where medical practitioners will receive specified licensees. Proposed amendments on section 456.072 state the penalties that apply if there is a violation on prescriptions of the substances as per the advanced registered nurse instructions (Grimsley, 2014). Besides, it also requires the advanced nurses to designate

Islamic Sharia Law in Present Day Nigeria Essay

Islamic Sharia Law in Present Day Nigeria - Essay Example Whether devout or not, the rulers benefited from the opportunities associated with Islam: the wealth of the transSaharan trade, the spread of ideas from North Africa, and the ability to forge diplomatic relations with Muslim rulers elsewhere. Islam an established system of public revenue based on tax and a judiciary based on the Sharia law and the alkali courts, started presided over by learned Islamic jurists. The Islamic jurispudence or Sharia law was allowed to be followed, but people started to practice it by combining the sharia laws with their new existing beliefs and this was obviously in their own interest as they were used to mould their religion accordingly. No doubt Sharia has always been a notion of conflict among Muslims and Christians in Nigeria. As Islam was being introduced into northern Nigeria in the 14th century, Muslims applied the Islamic law Sharia to their everyday lifestyle as they were bound to do so being Muslims and even those Muslims who were in favor of religious freedom, they also felt it hard to cope up with the 'Sharia' law. The conflict started with the advent of British rule, when the Muslims started feeling unsecured with a disrupted legal system because Nigerian Muslims particularly those of North were not in a position to tolerate any obstruction in between them and the 'Sharia' but at the same time they were bound to follow the legal system according to which the Sharia courts came under the supervision of Europeans probably the Christians. While recognizing Sharia law and courts, the British also restricted them in several respects. The 1906 Proclamation limited the application of Sharia to Muslims and provided that these courts could not give certain punishments, such as mutilation, torture, or others which were repugnant to "natural justice and humanity." (Bello, 2000) These changes reflected at least two principles. One was a belief that certain previously existing Sharia criminal penalties were inhumane. The other was that criminal law is a public matter to be implemented by the state rather than by private or social action. Some further changes in the implementation of Sharia occurred in the Native Ordinance of 1956, officially known as the "Native Courts Law of Northern Nigeria, No. 6 of 1956." (Bello, 2000) This provided for appeals from the Sharia courts to courts of appeal that reflected a more British understanding of justice, and the Ordinance provoked disagreement with the traditional emirs, who objected to this limit on Sharia law. In an attempt to pacify the emirs, the British then established Sharia Courts of Appeal, which were meant to protect Islamic law from excessive encroachhment through appeal to English courts. (Bello, 2000) Though well maintained, these courts were looked after by Europeans and in line with colonial policy, the British established a Muslim court of appeal in 1956, which was empowered to deal with matters of Muslim personal law only. This court was renamed the Sharia court of appeal just before independence in 1960. (Adamu, 2004) On one hand the Sharia courts were running under British authority while

Emerging issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emerging issues - Essay Example als, organizations, businesses, governments, and multilateral institutions throughout the world, including the United Nations General Assembly and UN agencies, build on the Earth Charter, and its values and principles, and working collaboratively to build just, sustainable, and peaceful societies". In other words, the Earth Charter encourages and invites all people globally to affirm their accountability, dependability, and conscientiousness to each other, and create a conducive environment for human survival and for the benefit of the future generations. In attaining this, there are sixteen principles that ought to be met. The first four principles touch on holding the society and all living things in high opinion and reverence. The first principle posits that human beings are necessitated by the charter to hold in high opinion or deference the universe and all living things(Wenden 191). This principles can be achieved through identifying the fact that each and every living thing has a purpose in this universe regardless of its nature. Secondly, human beings are required to show concern of all living things through being appreciative, considerate, kind, and affectionate (Wenden 191). Human beings have dominion over all other living things and earths resources hence its their duty to protect them. Thirdly, the charter requires all people of the universe to create an egalitarian or free society characterized by impartiality, involvement of all individuals, and tranquility. Fourthly, people are required to safeguard or protect availabl e resources in order to benefit them as well as future generations (Wenden 191). Subsequently, the fifth to eighth principles touches on environmental sustainability. The fifth principle is to safeguard and reinstate the veracity of the environment through adopting appropriate systems for sustainable development. The sixth principles according to the Earth Charter Initiative is to "Prevent harm as the best method of environmental

COURSE WORK- CANCER RESERCH Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

COURSE WORK- CANCER RESERCH - Assignment Example Previously mentioned, the planned objective is to earn high profit by selling several types of products to the customers for donating the money to the needy people suffering from cancer. The actual results of the project report could be ascertained as that the Kungfu group bought certain products at the amount of  £224 and sold the same at  £304.7. Therefore, the profit amount realised to  £80.7, which was donated to help the sufferers (Kungfu Panda, n.d.). The differences between the plan and actuals could be defined as effective strategy based on which the predetermined objectives of a program are achieved within a specific timeframe (Grant net, 2008). In this regard, one of the differences between the planned and actual objectives relating to the group work can be apparently observed as getting the objectives to get framed initially and fulfilling the same with utmost priority. There are certain differences to be noted amid planned and actual objectives, as based on the plans derived, at certain times the desired purpose could not be made effective. To make the program i.e. the charity event successful, it is essential to motivate the people to purchase different products as offer by the group. In this regard, motivational theory is appropriate to encourage the people to buy the products that offer by the group, as this is deemed to be one of the easy ways of making the people to support the same (Berliner & Calfee, n.d.). However, one of such differences could be ascertained as the unwillingness of the people towards supporting the event due to having lack in motivation. Specially mentioning, one of the main products of the project can be apparently recognised as listing the selling of certain essential products to raise funds for donating to the organisation of Cancer Research UK. Such products include jelly, coconut juice, chocolate crisps,

Business Research Applications Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Research Applications Paper - Essay Example For example, the current problems in Libya can affect the life of people in United States because of America’s dependence on Libya for oil. In short, business climate is fluctuating rapidly and in order to the changes happening in the business world, proper research is necessary. Apple Inc is one company which successfully used the research process for its growth. Even though Apple struggled in the 80’s and 90’s, they succeeded in introducing some innovative products like ipads, ipods, iphones etc during the beginning of the twenty first century. Apple was able to measure the pulses of the consumers very well because of the proper business research they conducted and the correct interpretation of the data they received from these researches. This paper analyses the importance of business research, taking Apple Inc as the example. Form the illustration given below, it is evident that the normal business research process consist of five stages; collection of data, deriving information from the collected data, analysis of the information, knowledge and decision making. Primary and secondary researches are necessary for the collection of data. (Business research process, 2011) Information can be derived from the primary and secondary data collected. ... is fact better than any other organizations and they conduct regular business researches in order to know more about the changing trends in the market. Apple Inc introduced many of its i-series products such as iPods, iPads, iPhones, iTouch, iTunes, iMac etc at the beginning of 2000 because of their abilities in reading the market trends correctly through their business researches. The introduction of right product at the right time will always guarantee success. In fact Microsoft introduced tablet PC’s much before the introduction of Apple’s iPads. Microsoft introduced tablet PC’s in the 90’s, but failed to make an impression in the market because of the untimely introduction. However, Apple’s iPads succeeded heavily in the market because of its right time of introduction. In 1990’s the technologies were not much developed and the demand for tablet PC’s were less. On the other hand, the technologies developed rapidly during the end of twentieth century and at the beginning of twenty first century and the consumer trends were changed drastically. Apple was able to assess this change correctly through their business research and introduced their tablet PC, iPad at the beginning of 2000. Thus Apple succeeded in the market where Microsoft failed. â€Å"Apple's market capitalization - the sum of its outstanding shares multiplied by its stock price - finished at $222.07 billion, ahead of Microsoft's at $219.18 billion Wednesday, May 26, 2010† (Kim, 2010). In other words, Apple’s better abilities in conducting business research helped them to surpass even Microsoft in market capitalization. Moreover, Apple is currently raked the topmost technological company in the world, again pushing Microsoft behind to the second spot. Advertising is another area in which

Starbucks - Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Starbucks - - Case Study Example Additionally, the paper will describe the role of sustainable development in Starbuck’s approach to social responsibility. The Starbuck 2003 Corporate Social Responsibility Report, Titled â€Å"Living Our Values,† defines the coffee retailer’s approach to social responsibility. The approach focuses on partners, diversity, coffee product, customers, community and environment, and profitability. The three concepts of social responsibility are profit responsibility, stakeholder responsibility, and societal responsibility (Kerin et al, 2010). In relation to profit responsibility, a company should maximize profits for the stakeholders without taking advantage of supply shortages to charge very high prices on products. Starbuck’s observes profit responsibility by selling its product via supermarkets, the company’s retail shops, and by extension taking the Starbuck’s coffee experience to the employer’s offices. It uses low profit grocery market segments, retail business cafes, coffee kiosks, high profit margin kiosks, and corporate cafeterias to reinforce and serve its products using high-class experience. It embraces supplier diversity, pays its coffee suppliers well, and conserves their environment. These measures guarantees high and well deserved profits. Where, profits are significant for the growth of Starbuck’s, profitability is placed last as it depends on adherence to partners, diversity, coffee/product, customers, community and environment principles. In relation to stakeholder’s responsibility, a company focuses on stakeholders that can contribute to the achievement of its objectives. Indeed, the coffee retail shop encourages its partners, to stick to the mission statement, comment on deviations from Starbuck 2003 Corporate Social Responsibility Report, participate, and analyze management decisions. In addition, Starbuck’s accords

Sales Contract Essay Example for Free

Sales Contract Essay Sale of Goods 1. The Seller will sell, transfer, and deliver to the Purchaser the following goods on or before May 31, 2012 (the â€Å"Goods†) a. 10,000 widgets Purchase Price 2. The Purchaser will accept the Goods and pay for the Goods with the sum of fifty thousand ($50,000) USD, paid as follows: a. Down payment of $5,000 upon contract execution b. the remainder of the purchase price within 10 day of receipt of delivery of the Goods. 3. Payment of the Goods will be made to the Seller when the Purchaser has confirmed receipt of the Goods. Delivery of Goods 4. The Goods will be deemed by the purchaser when delivered the Purchaser’s place of business located at 456 First St., Secondville, Michigan. The Purchaser agrees to pay the cost of the shipment. Risk of Loss 5. Risk of loss will be the responsibility of the Seller from the time of delivery to the Purchaser. The Seller will provide at its expense insurance on the Goods insuring the Seller’s and the Purchaser’s interest as they appear, until receipt of shipment has been confirmed. Warranties 6. THE GOODS ARE SOLD WITH WARRANTY. THE SELLER ACCEPTS ALL WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. The Seller assumes, or authorizes any other person to assume on the behalf of the Seller, any liability in connection with the sale of the Goods. 7. Upon delivery of the Goods, the Purchaser reserves the right to inspect the Goods, or have it inspected. The Purchaser must confirm and accept the Goods as being in good condition. Further the Seller accepts  any and all warranties as to the condition of the Goods. Title 8. Title to the Goods will be shared with the Seller and Purchaser until the delivery and actual receipt of the Goods by the Purchaser. Upon delivery, the Seller must provide a document of title or registrable Bill of Sale of the Goods, bearing the necessary endorsement to the Purchaser. Security of Interest 9. The seller retains a security interest in the Goods until paid in full. Inspection 10. Inspection will be made by the Purchaser at the time and place of delivery. Claims 11. The Purchaser must give notice of any claim within 30 days from the date of delivery. Excuse for Failure to Perform 12. The Seller is liable in any way for any delay, non –delivery or default in shipment due to labor disputes, transportation shortage, delays in receipt of material, priorities, fires, accidents and all other causes. If the Purchaser, in its sole judgment, will be prevented directly or indirectly, on account of any cause beyond its control, from accepting the Goods, the Purchaser reserves the right to terminate this Agreement by notice in writing to the Seller. Remedies 13. The Purchaser’s remedy and the Sellers complete liability for any and all losses or damages resulting from the defective goods or from any other cause will be for the purchase price of the particular delivery with respect to which losses or damages are claimed, plus all transportation charges paid by the Purchaser. Cancellation 14. The Purchaser reserves the right to cancel this Agreement: a. if the Purchaser deems the shipment incomplete or unacceptable in condition. b. in the event of the Purchaser’s insolvency or bankruptcy; or c. If the Purchaser deems that its prospect of providing payment is impaired. Notices 15. Any notices to be given or document to be delivered to either the Seller or Purchaser pursuant to the Agreement will be sufficient if delivered personally or sent by prepaid registered mail to the address specified below. Any written notice or delivery of documents will have been given, made and received on the day of delivery personal, or on the third (3rd) consecutive business day next following the date of mailing if sent by prepaid registered mail: PURCHASER:456 First St., Secondville, Michigan SELLER: 123 Main St., Podunk, Iowa General Provision 16. All representations and warranties of the Seller in the Agreement will survive the closing of this Agreement. 17. This Agreement cannot be modified in any way except in writing signed by all the parties to the Agreement. 18. This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Michigan, including the Uniform Commercial Code and the Seller and the Purchaser hereby attorney toe the jurisdiction of the Courts of the State of Michigan. 19. Except where otherwise stated in this Agreement, all terms employed in this Agreement will have the same definition as set forth in the Uniform Commercial Code in effect in the State of Michigan on the date of execution of this Agreement. 20. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Purchaser and Seller and their respective successors and assigns. 21. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and there are no further items or provisions, either oral or otherwise. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties have executed this Sales Agreement on this 10th day of October, 2012.

Impact Of Assessment For Learning

Impact Of Assessment For Learning This paper considers the impact of Assessment for Learning on childrens progress in a particular strand of the Primary Maths Curriculum. It does so firstly through a review of the relevant literature, and then employs some empirical examples to illustrate how the cycle had helped to secure learning points in a particular context. The specific strand under consideration is the solving of multi-step problems, and problems involving fractions, decimals and percentages; choose and use appropriate calculation strategies at each stage, including calculator use. (DCFS 2009). Literature Review Changes in the professional framework for the teaching and assessment of Primary maths have been reflected in a constantly expanding literature. This is now so expansive, that it can only really be reviewed here through some representative examples. There are two principal sub-genres which feature here: specifically, these are official publications, and range of commercially produced texts which may be characterised as critical, professional, or vocational self-help literature. It is also the case that some generic texts on the subject of Primary Assessment for Learning may be pertinent here, although they do not relate specifically to mathematics. The official literature emphasises the holistic nature of assessment by asserting that assessment of childrens achievements and progress should be based on the expected learning outcomes identified through the learning objectives. In mathematics, assessing childrens progress in a core strand of learning should be informed by the objectives in the strand. (DCFS 2009). The fruition of this process may be visualized in the motivation and empowerment of the learners themselves, supported by Constructive feedback that identifies how childrens work and responses have led to success this, it advises, should provide a shared understanding of the achievements on which to build to make further progress. It helps children to see how the next steps take account of this success and are attainable. (DCFS 2009). There is a sense in which this acknowledges that Assessment for Learning has an importance, over and above what is revealed in outcome-based results, i.e. those from standardised tests. In other words, the latter no longer implies that it can stand as proxy for other kinds of learning. (Campbell et al. 2004: p.119) The commercially published literature is constantly being updated by texts which engage with official policy and curriculum changes, interpreting them for practitioners and parents. However, the majority of these, although they make some reference to assessment, do not do so in the terms now prescribed by the DCFS, i.e., day-to-day and periodic assessment. This is possibly because these models have only been operating in the official discourse for a relatively short period. Overall, this genre may itself be split into sub-groups, the most significant of which are the reflective or critical genre, and the vocational or self-help group. One of the most prolific authorities within this group is Sharon Clarke, whose Targeting Assessment in the Primary Classroom: Strategies for Planning, Assessment, Pupil Feedback and Target Setting (1998), Unlocking Formative Assessment: Practical Strategies for Enhancing Pupils Learning in the Primary Classroom, (2001), and Active Learning Through Forma tive Assessment (2008) straddle successive developments in the teaching and assessment of Primary mathematics. Also helpful in these areas is Hansens Primary Mathematics: Extending Knowledge in Practice (Achieving QTS Extending Knowledge in Practice) (2008), and David Clarkes Constructive Assessment in Mathematics: Practical Steps for Classroom Teachers (Key Resources in Professional Development), (1999). As Shirley Clarke indicates, the sharing of a learning intention is more complex than simply repeating what is in the teachers plan. In order for the learning intention to be shared effectively, it needs to be clear and unambiguous, so that the teacher can explain it in a way which makes sense. (2001: p.20) This may be taken as supportive of the official position: it endorses the idea that planning should draw not only on the learning outcome, but also on the prior knowledge of the students in question. If they are expected to objectively assess their own progress, they must understand the frame of reference, and be able to envisage the learning outcome, even if they havent yet attained it. This idea is also implicit in the ideas of David Clarke: as he points out, earlier approaches to assessment focussed on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦measuring the extent to which students possess a set of tools andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the extent to which they can apply them. However, he further indicates that à ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã‚ ¦to be mathematically equipped, a student must also understand the nature of mathematical tools and be able to select the correct tool for a given problem-solving situation. (1999: p.11) This perspective is also endorsed in the reflections of Hansen, who argues that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it is possible to help children to learn mathematical content through effectively integrating problem-solving, reasoning and communication into mathematics lessons. (Hansen 2008: p.5) Texts such as Gardners edited collection, , Assessment and Learning, (2006), Gipps and Murphys A Fair Test? Assessment, Achievement and Equity, (1994), and Tabers Classroom-based research and evidence-based practice, (2007), go some way to bridging the gap between the official and the educational literature, specifically by looking at how policy and curriculum matters are linked by research and ideology. These are, however, not specifically devoted to Primary mathematics, and neither are they wholly accepting of the orthodoxies which pervade the official literature. Gipps and Murphy make the point that evaluating assessment is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦not just a question of looking at the equity in the context of assessment but also within the curriculum, as the two are intimately related. (1994: p.3) As Taber points out, practitioners are at the end of a very long and often remote supply chain when it comes to weighing the evidence on what is best practice. As they put it, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦teac hers are told what research has found out during their initial training, and are updatedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦through courses and staff development days, but largely through centralised official guidance. (2007: p.4) This is reinforced by commentators such as Rist, who argues that, We are well past the time when it is possible to argue that good research will, because it is good, influence the policy process. (2002: p.1002). These are academic but not unimportant points in terms of the overall discussion, even if they are not particularly prominent in the day to day responsibilities of the class teacher. The point is that, as reflective practitioners, we might all benefit from some awareness of what shapes the frameworks which inform our approach to teaching and learning. With regard to the current Assessment for Learning conventions, the ideas in Assessment for Learning, Beyond the black box (Assessment Reform Group, 1999), are acknowledged by the QCA to have been constructive of the whole approach. (QCA 2003: p.1). As the latter state, The study posed three questions: is there evidence that improving formative assessment raises standards?; is there evidence that there is room for improvement in the practice of assessment?; and is there evidence about how to improve formative assessment? This research evidence pointed to an unqualified yes as the answer to each of these questions. (QCA 2003: p.1). These are important points, as the teaching, learning and assessment frameworks which define contemporary practice are profoundly adaptive of them. Discussion/Example from Experience. A strand of the Primary curriculum where day to day and periodic assessment was found to be particularly important in the overall Assessment for Learning approach, was securing number facts, relationships and calculating. The examples used here are from Year 6 block E, especially Ma2, Written and calculator methods, and Ma2, solving numerical problems from Unit One, and focused on dealing with errors and misconceptions. One context where assessment was found to be particularly relevant was in dealing with upper school (i.e. Years 4, 5 and 6) learning of multiplication and division. The assessment process had to be multi-faceted, taking in all of the associated knowledge and skills, the errors and misconceptions which arose, and the modelling of questions to identify the origin of such problems. This may be illustrated by focusing on one example, taken from Year 6 Key Objective 2, Multiplying and dividing by powers of ten and the associative law, where commonly, the unprepared or conf used learner à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Misuses half understood rules about multiplying and dividing by powers of ten and the associative lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (2009). The important thing about multiplication and division through successive addition or subtraction respectively, is that, once mastered, they can demonstrate to learners that the application of basic skills will enable them to break down seemingly complex problems into a manageable format. Multiplying or dividing a three digit number by a two digit number depends on the use of a number of skills: knowledge of number facts, i.e. times tables, place value, to quickly assess the viability of an answer, and organisational skills, i.e. being able to apply the correct steps in the appropriate order. It may also be useful to augment these with calculator use, in order to verify answers. The important point here is that day to day and periodic assessment and reflective feedback from the learners themselves was indispensable in the planning, pitching and delivery of this input. The interdependence of each step in these calculations meant that the failure to execute one step, often resulted in the failure to complete the overall objective. For example, if times tables and multiplication by 10 and 100 were not securely in place, the learner would get bogged down in the arithmetic. Conversely, the securing of one of the incremental skills involved in these calculations was a positive factor in the learners overall approach: i.e., if they knew their times tables facts, place value, or multiplication by 10 and 100 were in place, it gave them a starting point from which to analyse errors or problems. For some learners, this had the generic effect of making them realise that their long-term work in achieving these positions of strength had a positive outcome, rather than b eing an abstract, stand-alone process. This in turn made them more interested in acquiring other general mathematics skills. Looking beyond specific mathematics skills, this may also have the propensity to develop the students own capacities for self-realisation and self-motivation. As the QCA points out, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦In many classrooms, pupils do not perceive the structure of the learning aims that give meaning to their work. Therefore they are unable to assess their own progress. (QCA 2003: p.3) Achievement in a multi-step process such as long multiplication or division might therefore enable them to map out where they are within the overall standards. However, it was only through a combination of day to day and periodic assessment that the practitioner could be confident of planning effectively with regard to these tasks. There was no point in assembling sessions which relied on a range of skills when they were not secure, either in individual learners, or sufficiently across the cohort as a whole. In mixed ability groups, this approach was obviously the key the necessary differentiation. The logical corollary to this is that discursive feedback from the learners themselves was also important in defining the next stage of planning, i.e. what worked, what didnt, who tried which method, were there any preferences etc. The appeal of this activity also lays in its fine balance of mental and pencil and paper methods, and the way in which estimation is the necessary accompaniment to concrete calculation. Overall, these experiences may be deemed supportive of the proposals of commentators such as Clarke and Hansen, (see above) in that th ey emphasize the need for the continuous reinforcement of planning with assessment. Summary, Analysis and Reflection: Implications for Future Teaching. In summary, the conclusion of this paper is that both the literature and practical experience discussed here are mutually supportive of the need for complimentary assessment and planning. Outcome orientated results can illustrate individual and whole school performance in certain contexts, but practitioners need to be aware of assessment in a holistic way, as a daily part of their approach to teaching and learning. As the QCA expresses it, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Teachers are experiencing an increased sense that pupils are working with them rather than for them. For example, pupils are asking for more questions or examples to practice applying their understanding of a topic or to repeat homework or tests if they have not met the standard and the objectives that they and the teacher have set. (QCA 2009: p.48). Whilst this dynamic sounds very positive, practitioners have new and different responsibilities within it. In terms of assessment, these can be itemised in the following waysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã ‚ ¦ Day to day: within this level of assessment, specific learning objectives should explicitly communicated, and augmented with both peer and self assessment as appropriate. Periodic: ideally, this should assemble a broader overview of progress across the subject for both learner and teacher. It is also an opportunity to interweave the national standards in a sensitive way with classroom practice. The practitioner can use the insights gained from this process to inform both long and medium term planning. Overall, it should be recognised that the ideal situation, i.e. of self-motivated, self-actuating learners, involved in their own self-assessment, is unlikely just to happen. Considered superficially, it might seem that the practitioners role in assessment has lessened, whilst the remainder has been taken up by the learners themselves. The reality is rather different: pupils will only become adequate and effective assessors of their own progress if they are provided with the appropriate support and guidance. In a sense, this facilitating role is a much more challenging and subtle one than that implied in a more top-down, didactic model. Also, there are obvious problems in considering the learner as a passive or generalised aspect of this approach: it is much more likely that there is a staggered and variegated uptake of the model, as different learners are engaged at their own pace and level. This in turn indicates that, as with all aspects of the curriculum, the social and emotional aspects of learning should be taken into consideration.

The Need for Available Contraceptives Essay -- Birth Control Children

The Need for Available Contraceptives With each miraculous birth the world’s population heads further towards destruction due to overpopulation. Globally, the population is increasing at a rate of 1 billion every decade, a rate that mankind has never seen before (Bongaarts). Most of this huge increase in population is in developing countries where the population is currently 4.3 billion and is expected to more than double within the next hundred years (Bongaarts). Considering that the world’s resources are already being stretched to sustain the current population a high birth rate will be catastrophic if if is allowed to continue. This population boom must be stopped in order to ensure that future generations can experience the standards of living we enjoy today. Though the high birth rate is mainly due to developing countries, all of humanity must work together to overcome it. Hope for the future is only possible if the developed world supports the effort with funds and resources. The key weap on in this battle is birth control, which must be spread globally to those who lack means of controlling their fertility. Although one little child does not put a significant stress on the world’s resources, the number of children currently being born will cause irreversible and unreasonable demands on the earth. President of the Population Institute Werner Fornos warns, â€Å" Population growth is a leading contributor to environmental degradation† (â€Å"Keynote address†). Environmental degradation happens and will continue to happen as we pollute the earth, contribute to global warming, create landfills, and consume our precious and often nonrenewable resources (Bongaarts). Realizing the drastic damage our population h... ...ption and Induced Abortion in Rural Ghana.† Tropical Medicine & International Health 7 (2002): 708-716. Hartmann, Betsy. â€Å"Population Control I: Birth of an Ideology.† International journal of health services 27 (1997): 523-540. â€Å"Keynote address.† Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 21 (1994): 251-256. â€Å"Nothing is unthinkable.† The Lancet 336 (1990): 659(3). Rosenfield, Allan. â€Å"The Fifth Freedom Revisited: I, Background and Existing Programmes.† The Lancet 336 (1990): 1227-1232. Sharpless, John. â€Å"World population Growth, Family Planning, and American Foreign Policy.† Journal of Policy History 7 (1995): 72-102. United Nations Secretariat. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. Fertility, Contraception and Population Policies. 25 April 2003. â€Å"Whose future? Whose world?† The Lancet 342 (1993): 1125-1127.

Nature vs Nurture Essay -- essays research papers

Nature or Nurture? The Determination of Human Behaviour The nature versus nurture debate has spanned over decades, and is becoming more heated in the recent years. Following the mapping of the human genome, scientists are pursuing the possibility of controlling human behaviour such as homicidal tendencies or insanity through the manipulation of genes. Is this possible for us to ensure that humans behave in certain ways under certain circumstances in future? This is highly doubtful, as the determination of human behaviour depends not only on genes (nature), but also on the environment (nurture). It is usually the â€Å"joint product of genes and environment†, one of the first principles in Leda Cosmides and John Tooby in â€Å"Evolutionary Psychology: Nature and Nurture† (attached). This remains our group’s thesis. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Take for example this Calvin and Hobbes strip.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We assume that duplication is the same as cloning and therefore the two Calvins are genetically similar. Hobbes (that is the tiger) implies in the last frame that the two are similar in behaviour. Ignoring the absurdity, it brings us to a question: Do genetically similar people behave the same way? That is, can nature alone determine how one behaves?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This seems quite impossible. Take another fictitious, but thought-provoking, example in Mowgli, from â€Å"The Jungle Book† by Rudyard Kipling. He is genetically similar to all human beings and much less so to wolves, bears and panthers, but he behave more like the wild animals. In this case, it is certainly clear that nature alone cannot determine human nature. The environment makes a difference. Behaviour genetics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Behaviour genetics is the study of the extent to which heredity (genes) influence human behaviour. Genes are found in chromosomes which are made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Our DNA strand determines not only our physical characteristics (known to soem as our genetic architecture) but also our psychological make up. The human genome project has isolated certain genes responsible for certain behaviour traits. For example dopamine is responsible for â€Å"risk-seeking† behaviour, as well as hyperactivity (The Economist June 1st). Although the probability of altering genetic make-up and therefore human behaviour is ... ...nbsp;  Ã‚  The effects of the environment also does not explain why some traits runs in the family. Charles Darwin, father of behaviour genetics, noted in 1872 that a gentleman had a habit of raising his arm in front of his face when sleeping and dropping it with a jerk hence hitting his nose (Darwin, C. The expression of the emotions in man and animals) This is an uncommon trait. However, years after his death, his son and daughter are also found with the same trait. Environment cannot give a suitable explanation for this trait. It also does not explain how identical twins who grow up apart can have the same behaviourism and why while biological children tend to behave like their parents whereas most adopted children do not. (As found by the twin study and adopted study of University of Lousiana ) Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Therefore, it can be concluded that neither nature and nurture is exclusively responsible for determining human behaviour. Although genes contribute to our physical characteristics (some of which affects our behaviour) and our psychological frame of mind, our experience and education are also important in determining who and what we are.

Climate Change and Air Pollution in Australia Essay -- Global Warming E

Climate Change and Air Pollution in Australia Air Pollution Fortunately for Alice Springs and much of the Northern Territory, its remote location and low population density mean that the city is not a large source of air pollution. In fact, in a report issued by the Northern Territory Minister of Infrastructure, Planning, and Environment, it is said that while doing testing for the National Environmental Protection Measure the government only tested for particulate matter in Alice Springs, instead of the whole slate of air pollutants, which would have included Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide. These other pollutants were not a concern, because of the location and low population density of Alice Springs. While testing for particulate matter, the study found only two days over the entire year where particulate matter levels exceeded the National Environmental Protection Measure standards. This was attributed to bushfires and households burning wood for heat in the winter. Although this particula r study did not test for them, Alice Springs does produce significant amounts of greenhouse gases. In June 2006, the Alice Springs Town Council issued the Local Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, in which they explain how much CO2 the town emitted in 1996, and exactly where the emissions came from. In 1996, the city was responsible for 325,370 tonnes of CO2 emissions. Electricity is responsible for the majority of the emissions, while fossil fuels and waste account for the rest. The Town Council’s plan to reduce these emissions hopes to cut them to 80% of 1996 levels by 2010. They plan to focus on reducing electricity consumption. Within buildings managed by the c... ...n Alice Springs. http://www.alicesprings.nt.gov.au/astc_site/your_council/council_publications/plans/local_action_plan_to_reduce_greenhouse_gas_in_alice_springs. June 2006. Australian Government Department of Climate Change. Australia’s Solar Cities. http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/solarcities/alicesprings/index.html Linacre, E. The last ice age in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. http://www-das.uwyo.edu/~geerts/cwx/notes/chap15/lgm_oz.html Peatling, Stephanie. Australia tops greenhouse pollution index Sydney Morning Herald. 19 June 2004. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/06/18/1087245110190.html Vatskalis, Kon. Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure for the Northern Territory. http://www.ephc.gov.au/pdf/annrep_01_02/179-181_Jur_Rep_AAQ_NT.pdf

Free Will or Predestination: Who Controls Our Fate?

â€Å"If you can hold it in your hands then you can fold it by commands but if its fate to understand , fate cannot wait and is unmanned, the decisions you make will lend fate a hand. †- Unknown After analyzing the manuscript ,Macbeth, it can be said that fate is not determined by pre-destination but by free will. This is proven when Macbeth takes his fate into his own hands by killing his cousin, King Duncan, in order to become king of Scotland. It is a dispute started by Christians that has traveled throughout different time periods, races, and religions. Are our lives already planned out or do we hold the key to our own fate?The King James bible says that pre-destination and free will can Co-exist but many choose one extreme or the other. In the story of Macbeth, the main character is visited by three witches who prophetize that he will become king of Scotland but do not give details as to how or when he will take the throne. (p. 17 lines 59-63) Under the influence of his w ife, Lady Macbeth, Macbeth does not wait for the prophecy to unfold and freely kills his cousin King Duncan in order to take control of Scotland. Throughout the play, his ambitions and insecurities lead him to freely become a murderer in order to get what he wants in life.As previously stated, the argument of free will or predestination has been around for centuries and is rooted in religion. The theory behind predestination is that God has already predetermined who will get into heaven and has planned everyone’s life out for them. Every decision made, no matter good or bad, was determined by God before you were born. (David Bennett. ) Those who believe in predestination are often classified as Calvinists, after John Calvin who is the man behind many of the predestination theories, or Reformed theologists.Free will is defined as, â€Å"The power of acting without the constraint of necessity or fate; the ability to act at one's own discretion. † (Merriam-Webster diction ary) In terms of religion, free will is the idea that gives each individual the opportunity to choose what they will believe in and make the decision to follow Christ or not. The theory behind free will is that one can act on his or her own without having their fate predetermined for them. In Macbeth’s case, he acted upon free will by taking fate into his own hands rather than waiting to see how his life would unfold.The witches role in the play is key because without their prophecy, Macbeth would have continued on living his life normally. Although it may have been controversial during the time period, the witches role is important because they add another dimension to the play, a sense of mystery. The weird sisters, as they are often referred to as, bring a supernatural feel into the play because of their appearance and abilities It is because of them that the story is set into motion and the audience witnesses the fall of Macbeth and the blood trail that he leaves in his w ake.Although some readers choose to fault the witches with the fate of Macbeth, it is ultimately his fault because he makes the final decisions to commit the murderous deeds. They planted the seeds but Macbeth nurtured them, allowing them to grow into something bigger than himself and everyone else around him. Macbeth’s misinterpretation of the prophecy shows his weak character, which allows Lady Macbeth to manipulate him into doing what she feels should be done. He believes everything he hears to be true and after the murder of Duncan, he commits crimes without hesitation.Every decision that Macbeth made was of his own mind and action unlike Banquo who says, â€Å"Sometimes we hear favorable things that may bring us to harm. † While Banquo was also intrigued by the prophecies, he did not allow them to take over his life. In fact he says, â€Å"New honors come upon him like our strange garments, cleave not to their mould But with the aid of use. †(p. 20 lines 15 7-159) From this statement, the audience could gather that Banquo feels that these positions are unnatural to them.If Macbeth was in the right frame of mind instead of being driven by greed and deadly ambition, he might have experienced the same feelings as Banquo. The murders committed by Macbeth were justified in his mind as something that just â€Å"had to be done†. Immediately after the murder of King Duncan, Macbeth expresses his deep sorrow and regret. (p. 34 lines46-51) This guilt begins to drive him insane and he becomes extremely paranoid. Lady Macbeth expresses her need to make the murder of King Duncan happen so that they can gain the titles they deserve in Scotland. p. 28 lines 53-65) In modern day interpretations, Lady Macbeth is sometimes seen as the fourth witch because she too plays an important role in Macbeth’s downfall. While it is ultimately his final decision to commit these murders, she also planted deadly seeds in his head. Impatience, selfishnes s, and greed allow Macbeth to become victim of his own desire. Macbeth’s careless use of free will eventually led to his wife’s death and his lords turning their back on him. While he had high hopes for his reign, he was eventually the cause of his own demise.

Israel and Judah

Israel and Judas God trusted two men to deliver His message to the tribe of Judas and the children of Israel they were the prophets Isaiah and Jeremiah. (Mailer, 2006) Both of them got caught up In there on sinful acts and disobeyed God. God was angry and punished the two for their wrong doings. It was though the consequences from God that the two prophets begin to see how important and beneficial It was to them and to the lives of Christians that Gods message get delivered. The message God gave Prophet Isaiah a message to stress the importance of how they needed to repent of their wicked ways and come back to God.Because of the love Isaiah had for his people he was compelled to warn them and save them from punishment from God directly. Isaiah core message was to inform his people that only God can save them, He is our King the only God we are to worship. The message God gave Jeremiah the Prophet was to warn thousand be cautious of fake prophets. Judas started to believe what the fak e prophets were saying over Jeremiah. They soon saw that everything Jeremiah was trying to tell them happened. (Willis, 2011). The message Jeremiah delivered said the Lord has been giving me his messages, and I have passed them long to you all faithfully but time and time again none of you are listening to me (Holy Bible, 2001). God Instructed Jeremiah to warn Judas to stop living wicked lives and participating in evil doings but they didn't take heed to his warnings. God tried to warn Israel many times about their sins by sending those prophets. Each time they did not listen and were blatantly disobedient. Judas and Israel did things like killing babies and offering them up as sacrifices; they worshiped false idols, and participated in sexual immorality.They would not stop there sinful acts nor did they see any wrong in what they were doing and repent. This made God so angry that He allowed another nation with deadly weapons and soldiers that were more powerful than they to war aga inst them. The nation God sent took everything including food, livestock even their sons and daughters. This nation destroyed their entire towns. God was out raged by Israel and Judo's sins. He was angry they had the desire to worship other Idols, Israel and Judas brought the wrath of God on them.Since Israel and Judas refused to obey God, He said would summon all the armies under King Nebuchadnezzar to put them all to end completely. God was sending His wrath upon Israel and Judas to punish them for their sins. He was sentencing them to seventy years as captives. Isaiah had a strong desire to help stop the sins of his people. He felt that the people of Israel had become a sinful nation as a whole. He believes that Israel left God and dishonored Him by their constant and deliberate disobedience to Him. Isaiah said that because of the sins of Israel it caused them to go in a direction opposite from God.Prophet Jeremiah warned Judas they should repent for their sins or God would send a curse upon them, they would be destroyed and turned Into slaves. God gave word to the prophets telling them that â€Å"Because Masses king of Judas has done these abominations (he has acted more wickedly than all the Amorists who were before him, and has also made Judas sin with his Idols), therefore thus says the Lord God of Israel: ‘Behold, I am bringing such calamity upon Jerusalem Jerusalem the measuring line of Samara and the plummet of the house of ABA; I will wipe Jerusalem as one wipes a dish, wiping it and turning it upside down.So I will forsake the remnant of my inheritance and deliver them into the hand of their enemies; and they shall become victims of plunder to all their enemies, because they eve done evil in my sight, and have provoked me to anger since the day their fathers came out of Egypt, even to this day' (Holy Bible, 2001). All God wanted from Israel and Judas was from them to ask for fogginess from their sins and come back to Him. (Willis, 2011). Jer emiah 30:1 declares ‘l will also bring them back to the land that I gave to their forefathers and they shall possess it. (Holy Bible, 2001). Jeremiah was told by God that He was sending a nation to attack Jerusalem. God also wanted the name nation to attack Israel, but when then had seen what happened to Jerusalem hey repented so God intervened and they all came back to God and received Him as their Lord and Savior. All of these happening were apart of Gods plan all along. The same messages given to Isaiah and Jeremiah back then are still relevant to Christians all around the world today.Isaiah gave the message to his people that they needed to repent from their sins, leave there evil ways behind them, and surrender their lives back to God. That same message is the â€Å"now word† for this day in time. When we take a look at today's society as a whole we can see the evil amongst us. There is so such violence, we are dealing with homosexuality at a growing rate, we have thieves are robbers, and fornication. These issues we need to turn away from and stop doing because it displeases God.If society can get it together and surrender to God the His Kingdom on earth world be powerful. But we won't do it for the same reasons Israel and Judas didn't; because they wanted to please their flesh. If we Just have a heart to serve God and live a life that is acceptable to Him things would be better. We would not be perfect but we would be constantly striving for perfection because God would then be the main focus. We must repent if we want to grow spiritually.Repentance is not so much for God but for us to acknowledge our wrongs so that we can know not to do it again. Not only has that repentance from our sins brought us back to God.

Comparing tajfel’s social identity theory and scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice Essay

The issue of comparing and contrasting Tajfel’s theory of social identity and the scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice is a very controversial issue subject to debate .The theories are like one and the same thing though they are different as show be noted as the debate goes on.The main difference is that scapegoating mainly touches on the rivals of in-group against out-group while social identity theory bases on the individual rivalry against individual and both have got a negative prejudice effect. Barbara (1997) reiterates that prejudice by definition is an attitude usually negative toward a member of some other group solely on prejudice the membership in that group . Feldman explains prejudice in the sense that when two groups want to achieve the same goal but both groups cannot get hostility is due to happen .For example increased competition of various groups in times of economic crisis may be one of the factors leading to prejudice .Tajfel (1971) believes that the scapegoating theory is not adequate in explaining prejudice and he also uses a social identity theory . However Tajfel et al (1971) argue that competition is not sufficient for inter-groups conflict and hostility .Tajfel does not deny the importance of competition between groups as explanation for the origins of prejudice but argues that mere perception of the existence of another group can itself produce discrimination .Tajfel et al goes on to say that before any discrimination occur ,people must be categorized as members of in-groups or out-groups but more significantly the very act of of categorization by itself produces conflict and discrimination leading to negative prejudice . Therefore from the above analysis one can be tempted to say that the origins of prejudice in both social identity theory and scapegoating theory arise from the same nature to a greater extent as noted in the argument in question though they might be some differences but to a lesser extent. Moreover, scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice asserts that people or groups seeks to displace their anger on the weaker people or groups .When the weaker group sees that its being dehumanized or being regarded as inferior scapegoating has entered in the danger zone which will eventually lead to the aggression of the out-group. However Tajfel’s social identity theory suggest that individuals strive for self image and social identity that is influenced by the value categorized by a group an individual belongs .Therefore from the aforementioned analysis one might be tempted to conclude that the spirit of pride within one group and an individual’s ego perpetuated by a group an individual belongs may leads to prejudice as expulsed in the argument above. In addition , basing on the scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice ,pain and frustration only often evoke hostility for example the native Africans were allocated land in reserves which was very infertile and this led to the First Chimurenga war when the natives fought the whites blaming them for drought and other misfortunes that they were facing as a result of their presence .In contrast to the above theory, Myers(2008) elucidates that the social identity theory in explaining prejudice suggest that individuals in a group come to develop a sense of their identity that is anchored within in-group . Therefore .from the information above one might tempted to clear that both of the two theories asserts that as a result of aggression by scapegoating and in-group development development as supported by Tajfel(1971) elaborates the concept of prejudice though they vary to a lesser extent as exhibited in the argument in question. More so, Healey (2006) pontificates that the scapegoating theory targets for the displaced aggression vary, for example failure by the government of Zimbabwe to run the economy that led to hyper-inflationary epoch many Zimbabweans blamed the sanctions for the economic turmoil and the Europeans as the oppressors but were there to blame for economic crisis in actual sense and this poses a question to many people . Moreover, in the early 1980s people vented their anger to the witchcraft tradition and leading to the masquerading of tsikamutandas to uproot witches in societies and people who were presumed to be witches were humiliated or forced to drink a concoction and if the witch belongs to in-group and another one from out-group  favoritism was bound to happen leading to someone being unfairly treated due to favoritism .The South Africans felt the shortage of employment in their country is because of Zimbabweans saying that they are taking all jobs thus leading to xenophobia attacks on Zimbabweans and in that essence it evokes prejudice between the in-group and out-group. On the other side of the coin ,Faney (2004) alludes that the social identity theory furnishes favoritism among in-groups and out-groups. The theory asserts that as groups are formed ,they come to develop a culture of patriotism towards themselves and to discriminate against out-groups .therefore , from the aforesaid assertions one might be tempted to alludes that prejudice arise from favoritism and displaced aggression as exposed in both theories above . Furthermore , Tajfel (1971) suggests that resource allocation is done unequally ,in particular they will favor their own group at the expense of out-group .This suggest that the tendency in-favor of in-group may be especially powerful if the in-group feels to be minority .In addition the scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice propounds that for instance in Zimbabwe ,opposition to immigration since 1990 has gone up and down following the hijacking unemployment rate . Moreover ,the scapegoating theory and social identity theory explain the concept of prejudice in a different dimension as noted above in the argument in question though some very small similarities were noted but since the explanations outwit the similarities one might be tempted to conclude that both theories in explaining prejudice they differ immensely . To add more flesh to the bones , the social identity theory presumes that as people hear the views of a group they are bound to change their own views to suite of the in-group and one school of thought believes that similarities within groups will ultimately lend itself to polarization among groups .Members of the in-group will try to make themselves look unique from out-group as they endeavor this uniqueness to prove a spirit of social identity . For example if l am a soccer fan and we are discussing the play of the play of an opposing team , l might advocate for my team that plays much better than the opposing team .However the scapegoating theory reiterates that the strongest anti-black prejudice has occurred among whites who stay  much closer to blacks on the socio-economic hierarchy . For instance the whites who protested for the industrial conciliation act enactment are the whites who were feeling threatened by the black society and those white who were on top of the socio-economic hierarchy felt no intimidation by blacks .there, as thus discussed above one might possibly say that it is clear from the aforesaid argument that scapegoating and social identity theory can explain prejudice from various angles as expulsed in the argument in question . Moreover , Tajfel (1971) asserts that the personal identity deteriorates and social identity become focal in the sense that people have a feeling of themselves individually and as part of the group they belong and in doing so their group identity comes to the central core of their prejudice and they ceases to pay more attention on the individual characteristics of out-group .Furthermore , scapegoating pontificates that the clash of interest may result in prejudice and anyone who is not satisfied with himself is always ready for a revenge .For example Floyd May-weather might always feel that he can outclass Pacquino despite losing to him and every time is ready for a revenge match so as to claim his status as a champion . Therefore , from the above analysis one might be tempted to conclude scapegoating and social identity theory are somehow different though clearly explaining the concept of prejudice as noted in the aforesaid assertions . In summation ,It does not need a rocket scientist to discover that competition to prestige, social recognition ,water, land ,jobs and some other resources may precipitates aggression which will eventually turn into prejudice in both theories scapegoating and social individual theory .However , it is an abortion of factual evidence to sidestep the differences such as displaced aggression , feelings of in-group and out-groups , favoritism among in-groups and out-groups and just to mention but a few were addressed as differences of social identity and scapegoating theory as exhibited in the argument in question in explaining the concept of prejudice. ` Tatenda Nyoka is a student at Great Zimbabwe Zimbabwe University and can be contacted on tatendanyoka@gmail.com

My View of the World Essay

As I stand here looking over the lush green foliage of thousands of trees, I glanced down toward the base of the mountain to see curvy, windy roads, weaving in and out between tiny little box houses, plotted around here and there. I can see for miles and miles, the views are breath taking. That’s mostly why people come to see me, to look out with me, to see the fantastic views. My arms are sore from standing here for about 75 years, just doing nothing but wondering. For many months I have started to think what is beyond the horizon of the sea. There could be a whole new world over the edge. Is there even an edge? Who knows? Years ago those little things climbed on my feet, just to get a better view or to pose in front of a compact box, with a blinding flash for a couple of seconds, but now there are large metallic fences at my feet. This is predominantly because I am old, weary and wearing out so I need protecting. People get here in many different ways, clear boxes which travel up and down continuously, moving stairs, or climbing 222 steps reaching the summit, exhausted. Oh yeah! I forgot to say about the odd people that walk all the way up the ridge of mount Corcovado who wear small shorts, long pulled up socks, big chunky boots, weird hats and really, really big bags on their backs. They come in there hordes, they come in all shapes and sizes; big ones; small ones; fat ones; thin ones; some are noisy; some are quiet; some just scream and laugh; some are in awe of me and gaze up at me, as I gaze out at the horizon. These people see me as a god, but if only it were true because all I want to do is just fly to the moon, to the white wonderful wide space, where I could rest my sore painful arms and legs. No one knows the pain I’m in or even know I have any feelings. I remember the journey of how I came to be here. I was created by a local engineer called Heitor da Silva Costa. He made me out of reinforced concrete and layers of soap stone. Firstly I was going to be made out of steel but that wouldn’t of had much of a chance against extreme weather conditions. I was built in small chunks and slowly brought to the top by a struggling train on the Corcovado Rack Railway. Then I was pieced together bit by bit, slowly rising above the ridge to embrace the people of the world. Through my amazingly large nostrils I can smell the wondrous cuisine from the land below swirling and rising up the mountain side. Just after dark the surroundings black out and all attention is drawn towards the bright lights of the city. Although no one else sees it, it’s not all happiness up here. I have seen many things in my life like robbery’s, suicides, murders, but what always happens almost every night is groups of people sell drugs and sit there injecting liquids into their arms, snorting dust and sniffing corrosive fumes of acids. The fumes are so strong even I get a headache and my heads made out of concrete! It is disgusting what they do, but it is what they want to do, and what could I do any way. As dawn emerges it makes up for the previous night. The sun rises and a new day begins. In the early morning, the mountain air is fresh and crisp; the sun rises leisurely, bringing a slow warmth to the city. The most beautiful part of the day is now, when it is peaceful and you can hear the chirping of the birds below. The heat from the sun breaks through my layers of soap stone reaching into the hard cold concrete inside.

Review of Ella Delorias Waterlily Feminist Perspective Essay

Review of Ella Delorias Waterlily Feminist Perspective - Essay Example Ella Cara Deloria is best known for her linguistic and ethnographic work on the Sioux Nation. Though not formally trained as anthropologist, since she was a trained as a teacher, she gained a reputation in the field. She brought a new perspective on her work, as she was born on the Yankton Sioux Reservation and part of a traditional Dakota Sioux family. Deloria was born in the White Swan district of the Yankton Indian Reservation, South Dakota. Her parents were Mary Sully Bordeau Deloria and Philip Deloria, the family having Yankton Sioux, Irish, and French roots. Her father was one of the first Sioux to be ordained as an Episcopalian priest. Although Ella was the first child to the couple, they each had two daughters by previous marriages; her parent had three more children after her. Deloria was brought up on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation, at Wakpala, and was educated first at her father's mission school and All Saints Boarding School in Sioux Falls, and then a brief period at the University of Chicago at Oberlin College, Ohio, to which she had won a scholarship. After two years at Oberlinshe she moved to Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and graduated with a B.Sc. in 1915. Throughout her professional life she suffered from not having had the money or the free time necessary to take an advanced degree, largely because of her commitment to the support of her family; her parents were elderly, and her sister suffered from brain tumors. In addition to her work in anthropology, Deloria had a number of jobs, including teaching dance and physical education, lecturing and giving demonstrations on Native American culture, working for the Camp Fire Girls and for the YWCA, and holding positions at the Sioux Indian Museum in Rapid City, South Dakota, and (as assistant director) the W.H. Deloria had a stroke in 1970 and died the following year of pneumonia. Her family spoke Dakota and Lakota dialects of the Sioux Language. It was through the understanding of the Dakota and Lakota dialects that Deloria would find her place in history. The Deloria family was devote Christians, but also followed the traditional ways of the Dakota people. Ella Deloria was dedicated to her family, which through extended kinship was great in numbers and this was one of the factors that hindered her professional education. Waterlilly was perhaps the highest of Deloria's achievement; it can be described as a book that guides the outsider into the mental as well as the historical world of the nineteenth century Sioux. Deloria was more focused on kinship, tribal structure, and the role of women in her traditional society and this greatly shaped her work. From a feminist perspective, Deloria's work appears to demonstrate the strength of the women in a traditional structure that is greatly misunderstood. In her efforts to research traditional culture and structure, Deloria conducted vast number of interviews with elders, women and tribal historians. She spent 1962-1966 working at the University of South Dakota, where she did her research, lectured, consulted and continued writing that she became an authority on the Dakota and Lakota Sioux. These, to a large extent, defined the content and perspective of her novel - Waterlilly. Through her extensive research work,

Accident prevention and injury prevention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Accident prevention and injury prevention - Essay Example The main three of those theories and approaches that began to pass way in the 1930’s are: education is the main way to prevent accidents, accidents can be prevented, and the â€Å"blame the victim† attitude. Gibson and Haddon have a strong influence on these theories. As far as injury prevention is concerned, this concept basically emerged from the energy exchange theory, which is violation of the local threshold and interruption of whole body function. Incidents are events that cause unwanted harm or damage. They can be defined in two ways, which are ‘no- loss’ and ‘loss type’. If we want to understand the way incidents are studied, ratios are there to help us. Injury normally occurs caused due to the reoccurring of an incident. There is no single situation that may cause an incident; rather they are caused by multiple occurrence of the same thing. From this, we can know that causes of incidents are known. Moreover, this is also the main reason why employers need to be consistent in forming and implementing safety standards for preventing

Evaluating Anit Trust Legisiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluating Anit Trust Legisiation - Essay Example On the 18th of May, 1998, US Department of justice and other twenty US states filed a court case against Microsoft Corporation on the issue of abusing its monopolistic power in handling both operating system sales and web browser sales. The merging of Microsoft Corporation and Internet explorer web browser has alleged to be the responsible for Microsoft's victory in the browser wars causing competing web browser's malfunctioning incidents. Microsoft responded that the merging of these two companies is just a marketing strategy in the hope of further innovating their products and get ahead over their competitors. Microsoft also explained that the two (Windows and Explorer) were now the same product and were inextricably linked together thereby giving consumers all the benefits of IE for free (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_antitrust_case, 2006). However, it has been proven that Microsoft really did some illegal acts of misleading the consumers and manipulating the Windows programs so as the create problems when downloading the competitors' web browsers. The impact of these illegal acts can directly affect the consumers. The consumers are, of course, the end users of these Microsoft and Internet explorer programs.

Research on brand strategy, Chinese brand issue and countermeasures Dissertation

Research on brand strategy, Chinese brand issue and countermeasures - Dissertation Example Chinese brands lack the global standards of competitiveness. They have been focusing on the development of self-owned brands but they continue to face issues such as a weak brand and lack of brand protection consciousness. Thus with the aim to recommend an affective brand strategy for Chinese enterprises, three objectives were set in the study. Extensive literature on the subject was reviewed and then based on a qualitative study, and purely on secondary data the study objectives have been achieved. Reason why Chinese brands have not been able to establish in international markets range from low quality perception, to adherence to Chinese brand names and the lack of competency to decide on brand positioning and brand personality. Chinese brands are known to simply respond to opportunities without implementing brand strategy. The benefits of an effective brand strategy have been amply highlighted throughout the study which includes loyal customers, higher market share and larger reven ues. Brand strategy helps brands adopt a differentiation strategy and focus on specific elements. Citing the examples of Haier and Lenovo, the study finds that an effective brand strategy can help domestic Chinese brands to achieve success in the international markets. Through brand positioning, through a planned growth strategy, Chinese brands can develop sustained competitive advantage even in foreign markets. An effective brand strategy helps overcome the negative perception associated with Chinese brands. The study concludes by suggesting counter measures that Chinese brands can adopt to establish in international markets. Limitations to the study have been highlighted and recommendations for further research on the subject have been made. Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Rationale of the Study 3 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 5 1.4 Structure of the Study 5 Chapter II Literature Review 2.1 Chapter Overview 7 2.2 The concept of brand 7 2.3 Concept o f Brand Strategy 8 2.4 Theories governing brand strategy 11 2.5 Reasons for poor brand strategy 15 2.6 Chapter Summary 17 Chapter III Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy 18 3.2 Research Design 18 3.3 Chosen Method 19 3.4 Research approach 20 3.5 Data Collection Strategy 20 3.6 Data Analysis 22 3.7 Ethical concerns 22 Chapter IV Findings and Discussion 4.1 Chapter Overview 23 4.2 Findings 23 4.3 Discussions 30 4.4 Chapter Summary 33 Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 34 5.2 Countermeasures 36 5.3 Limitations of the Study 38 5.4 Recommendations for further research 38 References 39 Tables, Charts and Figures Chart 1.1 Brand-consciousness Chinese consumers 2 Figure 2.1 Brand Equity Pyramid 9 Table 4.1 Guangdong Tea Exports 28 Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background With the economic development and improvement in people’s living standards, products have become increasingly rich, offering value to the customers. In fact, competition in every field has made busi nesses and markets turbulent prompting marketers to create a distinctive brand image for their products. This requires change in the way organizations build and sustain brands. Most powerful brands in the world support their brand as an asset, essential to the organization’s long-term strategy (Davis, 2002 cited in Tregert & Westerlund, 2003). Since brand is an asset with an assumed value, brand awareness, brand associations and brand loyalty have to be actively managed. Global brands across the world have

Israel and Philistine Debate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Israel and Philistine Debate - Research Paper Example Fact 3inspite of the UN decision, Israeli public would be able not to recognize an independent state of Palestine (Hazony). Palestinian Question: Why did so many Palestinians sell their lands to the Israelis around 1948 if they really did not want Israelis to occupy lands in the area? Fact 1 A massive flow of refugees from Palestinian land to Israel resulted in the creation of a unilateral state of Israel that managed to shelter thousands of refugees from Arab nations and Palestinians (Palestinian Land). Fact 2 Hostile moods of Palestinians in 60s resulted in an unfavorable atmosphere in Israel (Whose Land?). Fact 3 Arabs did not believe in Israelis’ victory in the war and sold their lands to them having a hope to return to their homeland, which, actually was sold by their own hands. Israeli Question discussion The first fact that implies a more flexible policy conduct by Israeli is effective for putting up a conflict in Palestinians’ war for independence only in case P alestine would be ready to negotiate all core issues of their separation from Israeli. The majority of supporters of unilateral existence of Israeli and Palestinian states confirm the fact that the independence of the latter would result in a numerous chain of military conflicts or may even lead to war. Moreover, Israeli public claims that it will be able not to recognize the independence of Palestine. This fact can be justified, because this nation has sold its own land to Israeli and did not want to live as an independent nation, but now it appeals for the international community and has a clear intention to fight for its independence (Benari). With regards to the previous facts of hostile moods of Palestinians, it is hard to believe that the independent state would show tolerance to refugees, development of social programs etc (Palestinian Land). Moreover, an intention to establish an independent government could disturb Israeli’s territory. Palestinian Question discussion In the end of 40s, Israel managed to give a shelter to thousands of refugees from Palestine. In 10 years, Palestinians were not pleased by the fact that their land has already been gone, though it was their own fault and they sold their land themselves. Palestinians have deeply rooted historical bounds with Israel. This land is their motherland. The core of the conflict should not be found in the pieces of land that historically belonged to Palestinian public, but it is better to work in favor of the country, Israel, that saved this nation. Currently, Palestinians appeal for the UN and insist on â€Å"the promise it made to them six decades ago, ensuring that a just resolution for Palestinian refugees is put into effect† (The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict). Conclusion A life-long conflict between Israel and Palestine is rather challenging and represents an interesting topic for discussion. It has deep historical roots, but in order to solve it, it is desirable to look at the historical essence of the conflict. Therefore, in one way or another, but Israel has a dominance over Palestine, because it owns the land that was sold to them by Palestinians. It would be better for Palestinians to confirm the fact of their existence in terms of the state that sheltered

Impact of Globalization on Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impact of Globalization on Cultures - Essay Example These countries import this labor from poor nations through globalization at no or very little cost (Effland et al, 2008). In addition, globalization has led to fierce competitive global markets that conduct business unethically. Moreover, through globalization, the terrorists have gained access to many countries including America and commissioned fatal attacks. Most significantly, globalization has led to the undermining of the indigenous culture by western adventures through acts of colonization and imperialism. As a result, colonized states are now prone to cultural invasion subject to the muted cultural disorientation. At the same time, the free production, distribution, and consumption of cultural goods and services has negatively led to commercialization of culture. Furthermore, globalization has led to the spread of fast foods across the world leading to adverse health impacts. Nevertheless, the positive impacts of globalization on culture supersede the negative impacts with a huge margin. In the medical field, the impact of globalization is synonymous. It affects the health care services and the health care professionals. There is convenient movement of patients from one country to another in search of better and cheaper health services. For example, some countries like India offer cheaper and professional surgical services than the US hence leading to medical tourism (International Society for Quality in Health Care, 2005). This program attracts many benefits to the patients who cannot afford expensive treatment in their home countries. We equally have the free movement of medical professional from one country to another for purposes of rendering treatment and in search of better pay. However, this... This essay approves that the positive impact of globalization is the spread of education where all genders can now seek for higher education from the best educational facilities in the world. In the recent times, we have seen many people from the poor and developing nations pursue their education in the developed countries like the US. Similarly, individuals can now access online education via the internet. Furthermore, globalization allows the spread of knowhow and innovations from the developed nation to the developing nations. Notably, the spread of medical innovations is significant in according better treatment to all nations. In addition, there has been considerable integration of culture, preservation of culture, quick access to various cultural heritages via the internet because of globalization. Globalization has equally led to the introduction of high quality goods in the market, new industries, and subsequent economic growth. The introduction of new industries further crea tes employment and investment opportunities in the developing nations. This report makes a conclusion that globalization promotes the investment and capital flows where countries like India that attract foreign investment thus giving developed countries like US good investment proposition. In matters of security, globalization boosts world security in that the international courts of justice and the understanding between the security agencies of reference countries allows the apprehending of terrorists from their hind outs thus curbing global terrorism.

New product development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

New product development - Essay Example The feature has been described in a manner that it is distinguishing the product from the rest. For example, the image of the beverage is to look natural. That distinguishes the product from the rest. Moreover, the design also looks different. The fact that the beverage is natural also means it is simple in making and in design with no chemicals. That is an attractive feature. The second feature is the benefit associated with the product is the positioning. The product is positioned outside the school business on St Lawrence and 15th Street. The advantage associated is with the distance. The target group in this case is the students. The students will not have to walk long distances to search for their natural juice. The next concept is the cost. Since the beverage is made from fresh pressed apple cider, the cost will be affordable for all the customers. That is the concept and perception that the consumer will have. In addition, the target audience is the students hence the prices must be pocket friendly to win a huge number of

Revolution Politically Considered Essay Example for Free

Revolution Politically Considered Essay The word Maccabean comes from Judas Maccabeus, the leader of the Jewish revolt against Syria which took place from 167 – 160 B. C. E. In 2nd Maccabees 15 v 30 he is described as â€Å"The perfect champion of his fellow citizens. † The story is recorded in the Apocryphal Biblical Books Ist and 2nd Maccabees, the sources written closest in time to the events and to a lesser extent by the Jewish 1st century C. E. historian Flavius Josephus in his Antiquities ( Books XII and XIII) who wrote some 200 years later. Martin Cohen ( The Hasmonean Revolution Politically Considered,1975, page 21) describes all three of authors, those of the Maccabean books and Josephus, as being overly partisan and seems to be saying that the so called sinners weren’t as black as they are painted. Some might say however that his article is in danger of going too far the other way in parts. The name means ‘hammer’ and was used to describe Judas’ immense strength. It was then taken as a name by his brothers, two of whom succeeded him, and other followers. The conflict had been stirred when, after a period of increasing Hellenisation, Syrian ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes gave orders forbidding certain Jewish customs and practices and turned the Temple into a shrine for the pagan god Zeus – the idol the Jews refer to as ‘the abomination of desecration’ mentioned in Daniel 11. Judas Maccabeus and his followers incited a revolt. In 164 B. C. E they were able to regain control of the Temple, which was then cleansed and rededicating to the God of Israel. To this day Jews celebrate the feast of Hanukkah to recall these events. The story ends with the death of Nicanor in 2 Maccabeans 15 and also the idea of dedicating a special day to its remembrance- the thirtieth day of the twelfth month. The use of the menorah, the seven branched candlestick, is a reminder of the same events. Members of Judas’ family, the Hasmoneans, continued to rule in Israel until the Romans arrived in force in 63 B. C. E. Ist Maccabees was originally written in Hebrew, but that version is now lost and the text used is taken from the Greek Septuagint. The book is set in the period of Greek rule and covers the period of revolt from 175 to 134 B. C. However it also describes how many Hebrews actually welcomed the coming of Greek customs, even to the extent of trying to pass themselves off as Greeks. In 1st Maccabees 1 v 15 the writer tells how some were trying to hide the marks of circumcism i. e. the very mark of their Jewishness. In 2nd Maccabees the events are again related, but this time seemingly with the intention of showing God’s continued care for his people. It begins by urging Alexandrian Jews to keep the feast of Hanukkah and looks back at the events that led up to the first celebration. At the same time it castigates several people – the Hellenistic Jewish priests, in particular including High Priest Jason who was said to have sent money for statue of Herakles, something Martin Cohen ( Page 15 ) sees as a bribe rather than as a genuine donation because of faith.. Robert Doran ( 2006, The revolt of the Maccabees) looked for historic similarities and likened it to the modern day insurgency in Iraq. He tells how for the first years of Seleucid rule there were no major problems between the two groups. He describes the main problem as being about Jewish identity and who controls that definition. He makes the point that some would not have considered Jason to be a Jew at all, whereas he, as Jewish high priest, presumably did. He cites 20th century Jewish scholars Elias Bickermann and Victor Tchenikover who put the blame not on the Seleucids, but upon the Jewish leaders of the time. While I Maccabees blames the Seleucid leader, it has been pointed out by scholars such as Otto Morkholm (Antiochus IV of Syria, 1966) that in general he supported local cultures. The writer of 2nd Maccabees blames the institution of Greek education, even though there were a number of years between the opening of the Greek school and the revolt. The truth seems to be that when a villager from Modein, the Hasmonean home town, went to make sacrifices, Mattathias, the father of Judas, struck him with his sword. The family then fled, but also began a campaign of throwing down the pagan alters that they found and killing those who opposed what they felt was right. By the opening of 2nd Maccabees the father had died and it is Judas who is leading the revolutionaries. There are other major differences between the accounts, namely with regard to fighting on the Sabbath. This happens in the first book, but not in the second. According to Doran, in what seems to be a quite objective account ( page 107), upon the death of Antiochus his successor seems, to have let the matter stand, with the Hasmoneans in charge in Jerusalem. However the revolution was spreading to other areas. Jerusalem became the center for a general revolt against Seleucid rule. In 162 B. C. E. Judas finally lost control of the Temple area and was killed. Josephus describes in the opening words of his second book about the period, (Antiquities of the Jews, Book 13) how, after the death of Judus Maccabeus ‘all the wicked, and those that transgressed the laws of their forefathers, sprang up again in Judea. ’ And so the battles continued under new leadership. However soon after this the Seleucid Empire began to crumble because of its own internal divisiveness and Simon, brother of Judas, was able to expel the Seleucids. He was recognized as high priest of Judea in 140 B. C. E. So what had begun as a religious protest ended up as the basis for an independent kingdom – at last for a while. Martin Cohen took a new look at the events portrayed in the scriptures. He sees it as much as an internal fight among Jews as a revolt against foreign rule. He states (page 26) that Antiochus believed that no Jewish group was capable of holding the peace. He had trouble elsewhere and this is why he came down hard, turning Jerusalem into a fortress and he also removed the power of the Jewish constitution. This turned many into revolutionaries. If they had no Jewish law how could they be Jewish? Cohen describes how the revolt has often been viewed as a class struggle between the Hellenistic rulers and the ordinary people, despite the fact that there seems to have been grass roots support of Hellenisation. The Maccabees were not just non Hellenistic however, they were totally anti – Hellenistic, not just for themselves, but for Judaism as such. Cohen points out that the two accounts are both conflicting and inadequate and that the facts cited by Jewish historian Josephus don’t add a great deal to historic knowledge. He also describes how the Jewish Hellenistic aristocracy were very small in number. If they had not had popular support then the Selucid would have had to come down hard. Right from the beginning. The priests concerned are condemned in passages such as 2nd Maccabees 4 v 11 and 14. In the former passage they are accused of adding to the Pentateuch. The Pentateuch was scripture, but it was also the basis for all Jewish life. At the time of the revolution religion and politics, as far as the Jewish people were concerned were one and the same thing. But the Hellenistic Jews did not deny Judaism and the priests amongst them continued with their sacrificial roles, which they do not seem to have considered as being in opposition to their Hellenistic practices. Conclusion Whatever the truth of the matter regarding the origins of the revolt and wherever the true blame should lie, essentially this was about preserving Judaism as it had been for hundred of years and was about defining what is a Jew an argument that can still be seen to be going on, even if sometimes in silence, in the differences to be observed daily in the 21st century between those who call themselves Orthodox Jews and others of the same faith and race, believers and otherwise. Works Cited Bible, King James, â€Å"2nd Maccabees†, Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia 12th May 2010, Libraryhttp://etext. virginia. edu/toc/modeng/public/Kjv2Mac. html Bible, Revised Standard Version, â€Å"Ist Maccabees†, National Council of Churches of Christ in America 12th May 2010, http://quod. lib. umich. edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx? type=DIV1byte=4219672 Cohen Martin, â€Å"The Hasmonean Revolution Politically Considered: Outline of a New Interpretation,† The Journal of the Central Conference of American Rabbis , (Fall 1975 ): 13-34 Doran , Robert, â€Å"The Revolt of the Maccabees â€Å" The National Interest ( September –October 2006):99, 100 Josephus , â€Å"Antiquities of the Jews† , Book XII ,12th May 2010, http://www. ccel. org/j/josephus/works/ant-12. htm Josephus , â€Å"Antiquities of the Jews† , Book XIII 12th May 2010 http://www. ccel. org/j/josephus/works/ant-13. htm Morkholm, Otto,† Antiochus IV of Syria†, Classica et Mediaevalia Dissertationes VIII, Copenhagen. 1966